{"id":544,"date":"2019-12-15T10:14:31","date_gmt":"2019-12-15T10:14:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/?page_id=544"},"modified":"2019-12-18T08:07:47","modified_gmt":"2019-12-18T08:07:47","slug":"teknik-aricilik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/teknik-aricilik\/","title":{"rendered":"Teknik Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan materyal canl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bu alanda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olman\u0131n yolu \u00f6ncelikle materyalin iyi tan\u0131nmas\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve y\u00f6netiminin iyi bilinmesi ve en \u00f6nemlisi de iyi bir g\u00f6zlemci olmakt\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ihmal yada dikkatsizlik o y\u0131l\u0131n tamam\u0131na yans\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131ndan bedeli a\u011f\u0131r olabilecektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta bir y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcren i\u015flemler tamamen birbirlerine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerden olu\u015fur. Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcretim, yeti\u015ftirme ve bak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda elde edilen ba\u015far\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan do\u011fru tan\u0131m ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla elde edilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Kolonilerin ilkbahardaki g\u00fcc\u00fc ve k\u0131\u015flamalar\u0131, sonbaharda yap\u0131lan uygulamalarla k\u0131\u015fa giri\u015f \u00f6ncesindeki ana ar\u0131, ar\u0131 pop\u00fclasyonu ve k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bal stokuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Sonbaharda b\u00fct\u00fcn bu tedbirler al\u0131narak k\u0131\u015fa yeterli gen\u00e7 ar\u0131 pop\u00fclasyonu ile girebilen koloniler yeterli yiyece\u011fi de varsa bahara sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131kabilecektir. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_237843-45, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_237843-45[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_237843-45\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_237843-45 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_237843-45[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_237843-45\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_237843-45 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_237843-45[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_237843-45\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"kt-adv-heading_237843-45\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_237843-45 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\">ARICILIK MEVZUATI<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-1 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-2 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-3 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items_56e7e0-67 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><li class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-style-default kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-0\"><div style=\"display:inline-flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center\" class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-single kt-svg-icon-list-single-fe_checkCircle\"><svg style=\"display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"><\/path><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"><\/polyline><\/svg><\/div><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/20120202_147_3566552997-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ARICILIK Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/a> <\/span><\/li><li class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-style-default kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-1\"><div style=\"display:inline-flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center\" class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-single kt-svg-icon-list-single-fe_checkCircle\"><svg style=\"display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"><\/path><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"><\/polyline><\/svg><\/div><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/20120202_148_5844537616-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">KURULU\u015e BELGES\u0130<\/a> <\/span><\/li><li class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-style-default kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-2\"><div style=\"display:inline-flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center\" class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-single kt-svg-icon-list-single-fe_checkCircle\"><svg style=\"display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"><\/path><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"><\/polyline><\/svg><\/div><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/20120130_146_3689996600-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ANA ARI TAL\u0130MATNAMES\u0130<\/a> <\/span><\/li><li class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-style-default kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-3\"><div style=\"display:inline-flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center\" class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-single kt-svg-icon-list-single-fe_checkCircle\"><svg style=\"display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"><\/path><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"><\/polyline><\/svg><\/div><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\"> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/20120202_149_6895868182-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Yurt i\u00e7inde hayvan ve hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin nakilleri hakk\u0131nda y\u00f6netmelik<\/a> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_6044a3-95 .kt-block-spacer{height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_6044a3-95 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-_6044a3-95\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\" style=\"height:60px\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\" style=\"border-top-color:rgba(238, 238, 238, 1);border-top-width:1px;width:80%;border-top-style:solid\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/kovan-nakil-islemleri\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/images.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-563\" width=\"220\" height=\"150\"\/><\/a><figcaption> <a href=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/kovan-nakil-islemleri\"><strong>KOVAN NAKL\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N GEREKEN \u0130\u015eLEMLER ! <\/strong> <\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/ana-ari-yenileme\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/p2wrUa98cHvs0TcQ-636336360692376566.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-554\" width=\"220\" height=\"150\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/ana-ari-yenileme\/\">ANA ARI YEN\u0130LEME<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARICILIKDA \u00c7ALI\u015eMA TEKN\u0130KLER\u0130 VE KOVANLARIN A\u00c7ILMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta dikkat edilmesi gereken uygulama, ar\u0131l\u0131kta dola\u015f\u0131rken ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, ar\u0131dan korunmaya ve ar\u0131ya zarar vermemeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermektir. Bu uygulamalar\u0131 \u00f6zetlersek;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*Ar\u0131l\u0131\u011fa girerken yabanc\u0131 kokular kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*Ar\u0131da yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re giyimde tedbirli olunmal\u0131 (maske, gerekirse eldiven giyilmeli, koyu renkli ve \u00e7ok ince giyinilmemeli)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/B-1024x466.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-306\" width=\"303\" height=\"137\" srcset=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/B-1024x466.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/B-300x137.jpg 300w, http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/B-600x273.jpg 600w, http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/B-768x349.jpg 768w, http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/B.jpg 1035w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>*Kovan a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce k\u00f6r\u00fck yak\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kovan kesinlikle k\u00f6r\u00fcks\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131lmamal\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*Kovan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken dikkatli ve itinal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131, hoyrat davran\u0131lmamal\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*Koloninin kovan i\u00e7i d\u00fczeni bozulmamal\u0131, \u00e7er\u00e7eveler birbirinden aral\u0131kl\u0131 olmamal\u0131 ve yerleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemeli<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tela\u015f etmeden h\u0131zl\u0131 davran\u0131lmal\u0131, \u00f6zellikle nektar ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa neden olmamak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan kovan\u0131n i\u015fi k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitirilerek kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130LKBAHAR BAKIM VE KONTROLLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131\u015f boyunca hava ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan etkilenmeyen koloniler, bahar geldi\u011fi zaman ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n en kritik d\u00f6nemlerine girerler ve kolonilerin daha \u00e7ok bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6ld\u00fckleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunun nedeni sonbaharda b\u0131rak\u0131lan bal stokunun bitmesi, k\u0131\u015f \u00f6ncesi populasyonu olu\u015fturan bireylerin ya\u015fam s\u00fcrelerini doldurmu\u015f olmas\u0131, bu d\u00f6nemdeki kulu\u00e7ka faaliyeti sonucu yeni do\u011fan gen\u00e7 ar\u0131lar\u0131n kay\u0131plar\u0131n yerini dolduramamas\u0131 ya da ana ar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131 ve verimsiz olmas\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k-faaliyetleri.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-545\" width=\"433\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k-faaliyetleri.jpg 595w, http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k-faaliyetleri-300x152.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Yap\u0131lacak Kontroller:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kovandaki ar\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<br>Ana ar\u0131 kontrol\u00fc<br>Fazla peteklerin al\u0131nmas\u0131<br>Ar\u0131n\u0131n yiyecek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<br>U\u00e7u\u015f deli\u011fi kontrol\u00fc <br>Hastal\u0131k kontrol\u00fc <br>Varroa m\u00fccadelesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 15 derece dolaylar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bahar ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda ilkbahar kontrollerine ba\u015flanabilir. Bu kontrollerde \u00f6ncelikle kovanda ar\u0131 bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r. Ar\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f kovanlar ar\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak u\u00e7u\u015f delikleri kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fayan kovanlarda ise bal stoku ve ana ar\u0131 kontrol\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ana ar\u0131s\u0131z kolonilere rastlan\u0131rsa, bunlar ergin ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi amac\u0131yla ana ar\u0131l\u0131 koloniler ile birle\u015ftirilir. Bal stoku yetersiz g\u00f6r\u00fclen kolonilere kat\u0131 yem (kek) verilerek bu d\u00f6nemdeki besin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. E\u011fer \u015ferbetle besleme yap\u0131lacak ise \u015feker-su oran\u0131 2\/1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kovan i\u00e7erisinde ar\u0131n\u0131n basmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eveler var ise bunlar \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak ar\u0131lar\u0131n toplu ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir durumda olmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Kovan u\u00e7u\u015f delikleri kontrol edilerek geni\u015f olanlar daralt\u0131l\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde kulu\u00e7ka faaliyeti h\u0131zlanmadan varroa m\u00fccadelesi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kovan i\u00e7i kontrollerde ana ar\u0131n\u0131n yumurtlama durumu, yavrulu \u00e7er\u00e7eve bal stok miktar\u0131 ile ar\u0131 mevcudu incelenir. B\u00f6ylece ball\u0131 ve bo\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7eveler tespit edilir. Sonraki kontrollerde koloni geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131 takip edilir. Bu notlar her koloni i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir karta i\u015flenir. Yap\u0131lan kontrol sonunda, her koloninin genel durumu kay\u0131t defterine yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130lkbahar Bak\u0131m ve Kontrolleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u011fada polen kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve ortam \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 17C&#8217;nin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile birlikte bahar \u015furuplamas\u0131na ba\u015flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde su\/\u015feker oran\u0131 1\/1 olmal\u0131, bir hacim su \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p bir hacim \u015fekerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak \u015furup haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eurup haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken \u015feker kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kesinlikle kaynat\u0131lmamas\u0131na, su kaynat\u0131lacaksa \u015feker kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir. Bunun nedeni kaynat\u0131lan \u015fekerli \u015furubun (karamelize olmu\u015f) ar\u0131n\u0131n sindirim sistemine zarar vermesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lk baharda yap\u0131labilecek i\u015flemler:<br>\nAr\u0131 pop\u00fclasyonunun geli\u015fimini artt\u0131rmak \u00fczere \u015ferbetle besleme yapmak.<br>\nKovanlara kabarm\u0131\u015f petek vererek ana ar\u0131ya yumurtlama sahas\u0131 sa\u011flamak<br>\nAr\u0131 kolonilerine ileriki d\u00f6nemlerde faydalanmak \u00fczere temel petek vermek<br>\nU\u00e7u\u015f deliklerini geni\u015fletmek<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Suni O\u011ful \u00dcretimi (B\u00f6lme)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7lenen bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 ana ar\u0131 yenileme, neslin devam\u0131, ana ar\u0131ya yumurtlama ve kendilerine bal depolama alan\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla do\u011fal olarak o\u011ful verirler. Ancak bu i\u015flem ar\u0131lar\u0131n ana nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6nemine giri\u015fine rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in modern ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta verimlili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir \u00f6zellik olarak kabul edilir. Bu nedenle koloniler yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ise ve ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lmak isteniyor ise ana nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6nemi \u00f6ncesinde b\u00f6lme yap\u0131larak daha kontroll\u00fc olarak ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u011fal o\u011fulu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u015fu tedbirler al\u0131nabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ana ar\u0131n\u0131n kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi<br>\nO\u011ful meyli fazla olan kolonilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamak<br>\nKovan havaland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak<br>\nKovan serinli\u011fini sa\u011flayacak \u00f6nlemler almak<br>\nBal depolama ve kulu\u00e7ka alan\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla bol miktarda petek vermek (o\u011ful d\u00f6neminde)<br>\nAna ar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u00fcklerinin bozulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir kolonide b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00f6nlemlere ra\u011fmen o\u011ful meyli ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ise bu koloninin o\u011ful vermesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Bu durumda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015flem B\u00f6lme y\u00f6ntemiyle suni o\u011ful \u00fcretmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ar\u0131lara Ball\u0131k (Kat) Verilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bal ak\u0131m d\u00f6neminde geli\u015fimini tamamlayan koloniler 10 \u00e7er\u00e7eveye ula\u015farak kulu\u00e7kal\u0131\u011f\u0131 doldururlar. Bu duruma gelen kolonilere kulu\u00e7ka ve bal depolama alan\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ball\u0131k (kat) verilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ball\u0131k verilirken kulu\u00e7kal\u0131\u011f\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131ndan ilk ve son \u00e7er\u00e7eveler, yani tamamen ball\u0131 ya da \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere kapal\u0131 yavrulu 2 \u00e7er\u00e7eve ball\u0131\u011fa al\u0131narak bunlar\u0131n yerine kapal\u0131 yavrulu 2 \u00e7er\u00e7eve d\u0131\u015f kenarlara kayd\u0131r\u0131larak 2. ve 9. \u00c7er\u00e7eve olarak temel petek tak\u0131l\u0131 iki yana \u00e7er\u00e7eve yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BAL HASADI VE MUHAFAZASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HasatAsamasinaGelmisPetek.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-546\" width=\"307\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HasatAsamasinaGelmisPetek.jpg 408w, http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HasatAsamasinaGelmisPetek-300x212.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kovandaki b\u00fct\u00fcn peteklerdeki bal\u0131n olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemeden bal\u0131 olgunla\u015fan petekler kovandan al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ballar\u0131n kovandan al\u0131nmas\u0131na bal hasad\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. \u00c7er\u00e7evenin 2\/3 &#8216;\u00fc s\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f durumda ise bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bal hasad\u0131 genellikle ar\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k e\u011filimlerinin az oldu\u011fu sabah\u0131n erken saatlerinde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kovandan al\u0131nan ball\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve ta\u015f\u0131ma sand\u0131\u011f\u0131na konulur ve hemen \u00fczeri bir \u00f6rt\u00fc ile kapat\u0131larak ar\u0131lardan korunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bal hasad\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7 yan\u0131 ar\u0131lar\u0131 ball\u0131 peteklerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektir. Ana ar\u0131n\u0131n ball\u0131kta da olabilece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131, ona bir zarar vermemek i\u00e7in dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bal hasat edilen kovanda ar\u0131lara yeterince k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bal b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in genellikle kulu\u00e7kal\u0131ktan bal hasad\u0131 yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bal\u0131n S\u00fcz\u00fclmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bal\u0131n s\u00fcz\u00fclece\u011fi oda i\u00e7i s\u0131cakl\u0131k 25 &#8211; 30\u00baC olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7er\u00e7eve veya petek \u00fczerindeki s\u0131rlar s\u0131r b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 veya s\u0131r tara\u011f\u0131 ile al\u0131n\u0131r. Sonra elle veya elektrikle d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen santrif\u00fcj (bal s\u00fczme ) makinesine yerle\u015ftirilerek ballar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Elde edilen ballar dinlendirme tank\u0131nda bekletilir. Yabanc\u0131 maddelerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ambalajlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bal\u0131n Muhafazas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ambalajlanm\u0131\u015f ballar m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u0131s\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, nem, koku ve di\u011fer zararl\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerden uzak depo \u015fartlar\u0131nda muhafazaya al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SONBAHAR BAKIM VE KONTROLLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131larda bal hasad\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, o sezonun bitmi\u015f yeni bir sezonun ba\u015flamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir ki, bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bak\u0131m ve ihmal gelecek t\u00fcm bir y\u0131la yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle bal hasad\u0131ndan hemen sonra sonbahar bak\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7in Gerekli Yiyece\u011fin B\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolonilere k\u0131\u015f yiyece\u011fi olarak bal ve polen depolanm\u0131\u015f petekler b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak petekler tamamen balla dolu olmay\u0131p alt yar\u0131lar\u0131ndaki g\u00f6zler bo\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ar\u0131lar bal dolu g\u00f6zler \u00fczerinde de\u011fil, peteklerin balla dolu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n hemen alt\u0131ndaki bo\u015f g\u00f6zler \u00fczerinde salk\u0131m kurarlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zellikle ilkbaharda taze polen gelmeye ba\u015flay\u0131ncaya kadar ki d\u00f6nemde ar\u0131lar\u0131n yavru yeti\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015flat\u0131p s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmeleri i\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131lan ball\u0131 peteklerin 3-4 tanesinde ayn\u0131 zamanda yeterince polen de olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Genel kural olarak kulu\u00e7kal\u0131ktaki bal hasat edilmeyip ar\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ana Ar\u0131n\u0131n Durumu, Zay\u0131f Koloniler ve Hastal\u0131k Kontrol\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yap\u0131lacak kontrollerde ar\u0131 mevcudu az olan zay\u0131f koloniler, anas\u0131z, ana ar\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, verimsiz ve sakat olan koloniler birle\u015ftirilmelidir. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131\u015flatma i\u00e7in mutlak surette sonbaharda bir d\u00f6nem yavru \u00fcretimi sa\u011flanarak k\u0131\u015fa GEN\u00c7 ARI ve ANA ARI ile girilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yap\u0131lacak denetimlerde herhangi bir hastal\u0131k tespit edilen kolonilerde gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve tedavi edilmelidir. Sonbahar te\u015fvik yemlemesinden sonraki kulu\u00e7ka aktivitelerinin \u00e7ok azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde sonbahar d\u00f6nemi varroa m\u00fccadelesi mutlaka yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra di\u011fer \u00f6nemli hususlar ise;<br>\nKovanlar\u0131n sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilerek gerekirse de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeli<br>\nKovandaki ar\u0131l\u0131, yavrulu ball\u0131-polenli \u00e7er\u00e7eveler d\u00fczenlenerek fazla petekler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br>\nKovanda herhangi bir hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131 varsa gerekli m\u00fcdahaleler yap\u0131lmal\u0131<br>\nEn sondaki \u00e7er\u00e7evenin yan\u0131na b\u00f6lme tahtas\u0131 konularak bo\u015f kalan k\u0131s\u0131mdan so\u011fu\u011fun girmesi engellenmelidir<br>\nKovanlar bir sehpa \u00fczerine oturtulmal\u0131<br>\nKoloniler r\u00fczgar almayan ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 bir ar\u0131l\u0131kta k\u0131\u015flatmaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131<br>\nKovan u\u00e7u\u015f delikleri daralt\u0131lmal\u0131<br>\nKovan \u00f6rt\u00fc bezi so\u011fu\u011fu ge\u00e7irmeyen bir malzemeden se\u00e7ilmeli \u00f6rt\u00fc beziyle kovan aras\u0131na kovanda olu\u015facak nemi \u00e7ekmesi i\u00e7in gazete ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fclmeli<br>\nKabart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petekler ar\u0131c\u0131ya tekrar gerekli olaca\u011f\u0131ndan muhafazas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130yi muhafaza edilmeyen petekler mum g\u00fcvesi ve fare gibi zararl\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalabilir. Petekler izole edilmi\u015f bir odada k\u00fck\u00fcrt yak\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kan dumanla fumige edilmeli.K\u00fck\u00fcrt\u00fcn alevsiz duman \u015feklinde verilmeli, arada bir oda havaland\u0131r\u0131larak i\u00e7erde olu\u015fan nemin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonbahar Beslemesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolonilere yeterince bal ve polen stoku b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile bal hasad\u0131ndan sonra \u015furupla besleme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sonbahar yemlemesi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan \u015feker \u015furubunun \u015feker-su oran\u0131 2:1 (2 k\u0131s\u0131m \u015feker-1 k\u0131s\u0131m su) olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Koloniler k\u0131\u015fa girerken ve k\u0131\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131karken bal stoklar\u0131 yeterli de\u011filse o zaman kat\u0131 yem (kek) ile besleme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kek Yap\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><br>1 k\u0131s\u0131m bal 35-40C&#8217;ye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak 3 k\u0131s\u0131m pudra \u015fekeri ile iyice kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Elde edilen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m 0.5-1 kg&#8217;lik po\u015fetlere yerle\u015ftirilip, po\u015fetin alt k\u0131sm\u0131 kesilerek ar\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eveler \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilir. Bununla birlikte kek haz\u0131rlamada polen a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan b\u00f6lge ve d\u00f6nemlerde bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fct tozu, bira mayas\u0131 ve ya\u011f\u0131 tamamen al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f soya fasulyesi unu gibi proteince zengin maddeler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ar\u0131lar\u0131n protein ve vitamin ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kek haz\u0131rlama ve uygulamada dikkat edilecek husus kekin kovan i\u00e7i \u0131s\u0131s\u0131nda eriyerek ar\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerine akmayacak kat\u0131l\u0131kta ve ar\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketilebilecek yumu\u015fakl\u0131kta olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>KI\u015eLATMA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131lar\u0131 K\u0131\u015fa Haz\u0131rlama ve K\u0131\u015flatma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131\u015flat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ar\u0131l\u0131k; kuzeyi kapal\u0131 g\u00fcneyi a\u00e7\u0131k ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 yerler se\u00e7ilmelidir. A\u00e7\u0131k ar\u0131l\u0131klar ise r\u00fczgar almayan, su tutmayan ve nem biriktirmeyen yerler olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kovanlar mutlaka yerden 30-40 y\u00fcksekli\u011finde bir sehpa \u00fczerine konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kovan i\u00e7i s\u0131cakl\u0131k 14 C\u00b0 ye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ar\u0131lar k\u0131\u015f salk\u0131m\u0131 yaparlar salk\u0131m\u0131n merkezi 33C, d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinde ise 5-8 C&#8217;dir. Salk\u0131mdan herhangi bir nedenle d\u00fc\u015fen ar\u0131 tekrar salk\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kamaz ve \u00f6l\u00fcr. Bu nedenle k\u0131\u015flatma yeri olarak ar\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131\u015f salk\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bozacak g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve sesten uzak yerler se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kovanlar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f delikleri i\u00e7indeki ar\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve say\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak Uygun malzeme ile daralt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan materyal canl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bu alanda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olman\u0131n yolu \u00f6ncelikle materyalin iyi tan\u0131nmas\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve y\u00f6netiminin iyi bilinmesi ve en \u00f6nemlisi de iyi bir g\u00f6zlemci olmakt\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ihmal yada dikkatsizlik o y\u0131l\u0131n tamam\u0131na yans\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131ndan bedeli a\u011f\u0131r olabilecektir. Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-544","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=544"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":818,"href":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/544\/revisions\/818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/duzaybir.com\/dzb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}